EEG (electroencephalography) offers a window onto the electric neural activity occurring in the brain. While many studies typically study trial-averaged EEG activity, so called evoked potentials, it has become clear and single-trial EEG signals offer a much more powerful and insightful window onto the neural processes underlying cognition. We continuously refine methods for the statistical analysis of single trial EEG signals and how they relate to sensory perception or cognitive processes.